How to Prevent and Slow the Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults, gradually deteriorating the central portion of the retina. While there’s no cure for AMD, there are several ways to slow its progression and lower your risk of developing the disease. With the right lifestyle changes and proactive eye care, you can protect your vision for years to come.
Here’s what you need to know about AMD prevention and how to maintain optimal eye health.
Understanding AMD and Its Risk Factors
AMD primarily affects people over the age of 60 and progressively worsens over time. The disease impacts the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. As AMD progresses, everyday activities like reading, driving, and recognizing faces become more difficult.
Risk Factors for AMD
Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing AMD, including:
- Age (Risk increases significantly after 60)
- Family history of AMD
- Smoking
- Obesity and poor diet
- High blood pressure and high cholesterol
- Prolonged exposure to UV rays and blue light
Although some risk factors, such as age and genetics, cannot be controlled, lifestyle changes can help prevent or delay the progression of AMD.
7 Ways to Prevent or Slow AMD Progression
1. Eat a Nutrient-Rich Diet
A healthy diet plays a crucial role in eye health. Studies suggest that eating certain foods can lower the risk of AMD or slow its progression.
- Leafy greens – Spinach, kale, and Swiss chard are rich in lutein and zeaxanthin, two antioxidants that protect the macula.
- Fatty fish – Salmon, tuna, and mackerel provide omega-3 fatty acids, which support retinal function.
- Colorful fruits and vegetables – Bell peppers, carrots, oranges, and blueberries contain vitamins C and E, which are essential for eye health.
- Nuts and seeds – Almonds, walnuts, and flaxseeds are packed with healthy fats and zinc, which help prevent AMD.
2. Consider Taking Eye Health Supplements
If your diet lacks the essential nutrients needed for optimal eye health, multivitamins and supplements can help. Some studies suggest that taking supplements containing vitamins C, E, beta-carotene, zinc, copper, lutein, and zeaxanthin may reduce AMD progression.
Ask your optometrist or physician before taking supplements, as some ingredients may interact with medications or health conditions.
3. Quit Smoking
Smoking is one of the strongest risk factors for AMD. Smokers are up to four times more likely to develop the disease compared to non-smokers. The chemicals in tobacco damage the delicate blood vessels in the eyes, accelerating macular degeneration.
If you smoke, talk to your doctor about resources and support to help you quit. Your eye health—and overall well-being—will benefit greatly.
4. Stay Physically Active
An active lifestyle supports healthy circulation, including the blood flow to your eyes. Exercise helps regulate blood pressure and cholesterol levels, which are both linked to AMD.
Health Canada recommends at least 2.5 hours of moderate to vigorous activity per week. Activities like walking, swimming, cycling, and yoga are excellent for heart health and circulation, benefiting your vision as well.
5. Monitor and Control Your Blood Pressure and Cholesterol
High blood pressure (hypertension) and high cholesterol can contribute to retinal damage and increase the risk of AMD. Maintaining healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels through diet, exercise, and medication (if prescribed) can help reduce your risk.
Regular health checkups with your doctor are essential for monitoring these factors and making necessary lifestyle adjustments.
6. Protect Your Eyes from UV Rays and Blue Light
Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays and blue light has been linked to AMD. Over time, these harmful light sources contribute to retinal damage and oxidative stress.
To protect your eyes:
- Wear sunglasses that block 100% of UVA and UVB rays when outdoors.
- Invest in blue-light-filtering lenses for screen use and digital devices.
- Wear a wide-brimmed hat to reduce UV exposure when spending time outside.
- Limit screen time and use blue light settings on your devices.
At Optometrists’ Clinic Inc., we offer specialty lenses designed to reduce blue light exposure. Ask us about our selection of digital protection lenses at your next appointment.
7. Get Regular Eye Exams
Routine eye exams are crucial for detecting AMD and other eye conditions early. Early detection and treatment can slow the disease’s progression and help preserve vision.
How often should you have an eye exam?
- Adults 18-64: Every two years
- Seniors 65+: Every year
- Anyone at high risk (family history, diabetes, AMD symptoms): Annually or as recommended by your optometrist
During an AMD screening, your optometrist will examine your retina, check for early signs of macular degeneration, and recommend preventive measures tailored to your needs.
Comprehensive Eye Care in Edmonton and the Surrounding Areas
At Optometrists’ Clinic Inc., our team of experienced optometrists, opticians, and eye care specialists is dedicated to protecting your vision. We diagnose and treat a wide range of eye conditions, including:
- Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
- Glaucoma
- Cataracts
- Diabetic eye disease
- Eye infections and allergies
With five convenient locations across Edmonton, Westlock, and Leduc, we make it easy to access comprehensive eye exams and expert eye care.
Don’t wait until vision loss occurs—take proactive steps today. Contact Optometrists’ Clinic Inc. to book an appointment and ensure your eye health remains a priority.
