A good understanding of your family’s eye health history is crucial in limiting the risks of developing certain diseases. In this blog, we are going to look at how genetics can impact eye health. We will also look at eye conditions that are known to be related to genetics.
Risk Factors to Consider
Genetics represent a valid risk factor for the development of certain eye diseases. Indeed, conditions such as glaucoma and macular degeneration are known to be passed down through generations. There are, however, other risk factors to also consider to effectively prevent the occurrence of eye problems. These include the person’s age, ethnicity, lifestyle habits, UV exposure, and other existing health conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension.
The Importance of Understanding Your Family’s History of Eye Diseases
A proper understanding of your family's eye health history can be instrumental in early detection of certain eye diseases. An early diagnosis allows your doctor to recommend appropriate preventive measures and treatment plans. It also minimizes the risks of developing certain eye problems. If your family has a history of eye diseases, we recommend booking an eye exam with your optometrist to assess your eye health.
Eye Conditions Related to Genetics
Genetics are known to increase the risks of developing certain eye conditions. Here are some of the most common ones:
Glaucoma – This condition is due to increased pressure in the eye. It causes progressive damage to the optic nerve that connects the eye to the brain. Over time, patients with untreated glaucoma will eventually experience irreversible vision loss. Acute cases may also lead to blindness. Early detection through routine eye exams is key to preventing vision loss as there are treatments available to slow/stop progression.
Cataracts – Cataracts manifest as cloudy patches over the lens of the eyes. They can be caused by several factors, such as genetics, aging, and exposure to UV rays. If left untreated, cataracts will gradually grow over time, thus making the patient’s vision appear increasingly blurry. Thankfully cataracts can be treated with surgery that is covered by Alberta Health Care.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) – This condition affects the macula, which refers to the small area at the centre of the retina. Over time, as this condition progresses, it can cause loss of central vision. While the main risk factor is age, genetics also predispose a person to developing AMD.
Colour blindness – Patients who suffer from colour blindness have a hard time distinguishing between certain colours. The most common forms of colour blindness include red-green and blue-yellow colour blindness. This condition is more common among male patients. It’s also known to be hereditary with the most common type of colour vision deficiency being x-linked recessive.
Nearsightedness (myopia) and farsightedness (hyperopia) – People who suffer from myopia have difficulty seeing objects that are far away. People who suffer from farsightedness on the other hand struggle to see objects that are close. These conditions can be caused by several environmental and lifestyle factors. Genetics is also known to predispose patients to developing these conditions. There are new treatments to slow progression of myopia in children, making it important for children to have routine eye examinations from a young age.
Looking for an Optometrist in the Greater Edmonton Area?
If your family has a known history of eye diseases, it is important to get your eye health checked regularly. Optometrists’ Clinic Inc provides comprehensive eye health care to help detect diseases early. We also offer personalized advice to our patients with regard to treatment options available to them. Book your appointment with us today at one of our clinics in Edmonton, Leduc or Westlock.